In 2016, the international energy circle was in full swing. The approval speed of the Paris Agreement was unexpected. OPEC reached the first production reduction agreement in eight years. The oil price finally rose after two years of plunging. After the "Mei" took office, the UK Department of Energy split and reorganized, Saudi Arabia. Oil Minister Farlieh pushed away from oil dependence, and Trump, the "hardcore fan" of traditional fossil fuels, was elected president of the United States, which made us pay more attention to the energy pattern in 2017.

Compared with the Kyoto Protocol, the speed of ratification of the Paris Agreement is surprisingly fast. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement on December 12, 2015, the “Paris Effect” has radiated globally. Many countries and regions have participated in climate governance work to reduce carbon emissions.

Some countries have achieved emission reduction targets through “de-carbon decarbonization”. For example, South Australia recently closed its last pulverized coal burner; cities such as Berlin, Copenhagen and Sydney began to withdraw fossil fuels; Spain has been approved by the European Commission, spending 2.13 billion euros to close 26 coal mines by 2018. The Canadian government also decided to phase out coal-fired power generation and will completely abandon coal by 2030. Finland also refers to some practices in Canada and announces that coal use will be cancelled by 2030.

Other countries have set a goal of large-scale development of renewable energy by increasing the use of renewable energy to replace fossil energy. For example, Morocco aims to increase electricity demand from the current 10% to 50% by 2030; Canada, Mexico and the United States have reached an agreement that by 2025 clean energy will account for half of total electricity generation. The UAE further consolidated its leading position in the renewable energy sector this year, and continued to implement domestic projects, and plans to increase the proportion of renewable energy to 10% in 2017.

In addition, the global energy revolution is also the focus of 2016, and countries are deploying energy transformation related work. France’s fourth national environmental conference at the Elysee Palace unleashed two important deployments of French energy planning: raising renewable energy development targets and about to begin shutting down nuclear power plants, which means that France’s energy transformation will accelerate.

In April 2016, the Japanese electricity market was completely liberalized, allowing home users and small business users to choose their own power supply companies, and the power system transformation took an important step forward.

As a major energy exporter, Saudi Arabia’s “de-petroleum” reform is unprecedented. In June 2016, the Saudi cabinet passed the part of the reform-related economy, the largest economic transformation plan in Saudi history, the “2020 National Economic Transformation Plan”, which officially opened the curtain of Saudi Arabia’s “de-petroleum” reform.

Energy security and climate change goals cannot be achieved without planning support and policy support. In 2016, countries have actively built a renewable energy development framework, created conditions for effectively reducing the cost of renewable energy, and actively regulated the business model, electricity price, and trade in the power energy market.

In June last year, Mexico announced the "15-year power plan" and first proposed a public-private partnership. In July, the German Federal Parliament passed a revised draft of the 2014 edition of the Renewable Energy Law, which will be implemented on January 1, 2017. The revision made major adjustments to the renewable energy on-grid tariff policy, fully introduced the renewable energy power generation bidding system, officially ended the government pricing mechanism based on fixed on-grid tariffs, and comprehensively promoted the marketization of renewable energy power generation.

 As one of the countries with the fastest growth in energy demand, the Indian government has also begun to draft a cross-border power trade policy to promote the seamless integration of Indian power producers and neighboring countries in power trade. The formulation of this policy will help India to sell surplus electricity to the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and promote the development of bilateral and multilateral power trade.

 In addition, the State of California issued the latest Carbon Dioxide Reduction Act on August 25, 2016. The bill was issued by the New York Times as the US “milestone” in addressing climate change. The new law requires that California's greenhouse gas emissions be reduced by 40% compared to 1990. At the same time, cities such as Seattle, Chicago and Boston have begun to implement comprehensive building codes and their implementation plans, including an energy efficiency performance disclosure system that not only ensures building energy efficiency, but also helps the private market discover which technologies can ensure their realization. Cost-effective energy savings. A number of active cities and states, including New York City, Fort Collins, and Minnesota, have launched a comprehensive roadmap for completing low-carbon or zero-carbon development in the middle of the century.

Cooperation in bilateral energy cooperation is fruitful

In the era of globalization, no country can solve its own energy security problems independently. Energy is a major event in the country that drives economic development. In the face of increasingly severe energy security and ecological environmental challenges, as well as the pressure of economic transformation and upgrading, countries must vigorously promote international energy cooperation and create a new economic growth pole. In 2016, countries signed a series of bilateral energy cooperation projects and important agreements on infrastructure construction and energy cooperation, and achieved fruitful results in the fields of nuclear energy, oil and natural gas.

In terms of power cooperation, Kenya and France signed a power cooperation credit agreement worth about 240 million yuan to rebuild and expand the northern power grid project in Kenya to achieve the goal of providing cheap and stable power to the people of Kenya. Bangladesh and India signed a cooperation agreement to build a coal-fired power station with an installed capacity of 1,320 megawatts. This is the largest bilateral energy cooperation project under the framework agreement for the transition from power export to power generation cooperation.

In terms of nuclear energy cooperation, Hungary signed a bilateral nuclear energy cooperation agreement with the United Arab Emirates in March last year, stipulating that the Hungarian government provided training for engineering and technical personnel working at the Baraka nuclear power plant in the UAE. In addition, the Hungarian Export-Import Bank allocated 406 million U.S. dollars to support the enterprises of the two countries. Cooperation. In May 2016, India and Bangladesh signed a nuclear power agreement, and India’s nuclear power agreement will enable Bangladesh to import its first nuclear power plant from Russia. Not surprisingly, once the above projects are put into operation, Bangladesh will become a middle-income country within ten years.

In the second half of this year, Russia signed similar agreements with Uganda and Zambia after signing nuclear energy cooperation agreements with Kenya, Zambia, Ghana and Nigeria.

In terms of oil cooperation, in April 2016, Indian Oil and Gas Minister Paradhan signed an agreement with Tehran and Iranian Oil Minister Zange to strengthen oil and energy cooperation. The main content of the agreement is to develop Farzad-B gas field, Iran to export crude oil and petroleum products to India and strengthen cooperation between the two sides in the petrochemical industry. Later, in the gap between China's G20 summit this year, Saudi Arabia and Russia's energy ministers signed an oil cooperation agreement.

Technical energy storage technology has broken through the expansion of new energy applications

In 2016, the energy storage and power battery industry ushered in important development opportunities, and technological breakthroughs also blossomed everywhere. The silver-plated cylindrical lithium titanate battery technology with nano-scale lithium titanate as the core material has become the first battery technology to be awarded the “Top Ten Technology Blue Sky Awards with the Most Investment Value in the Global Renewable Energy Sector”. In addition, this year, a major breakthrough in the research of liquid air energy storage systems has been realized, which can realize large-scale and long-term energy storage. Large-scale energy storage technology is regarded as an effective solution to solve the large-scale access of renewable energy to large power grids.

The global hydrogen fuel cell application field has also made a huge breakthrough this year. This year, Alstom France launched the world's first hydrogen-powered passenger train. At about the same time, the hydrogen fuel cell-powered military truck prototype developed by General Motors for the US Army also appeared at the US Army Association Fall Conference. British hydrogen fuel car manufacturer Riversimple announced that its hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has begun testing on the streets of Wales, England, and is expected to officially enter the market in 2018. In addition, while continuously reducing the cost of power generation, photovoltaic technology has also expanded its application fields. At present, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United States and other countries are making efforts to develop solar road related technologies. On December 22, 2016, the world's first "solar road" was officially put into use in the town of Opels, Tulufre, northwestern France. This is the first "solar road" in the world that is truly available for motor vehicles. It converts solar energy into electricity and supplies electricity to the city. In June 2016, the world's largest solar aircraft "Sunshine Power" No. 2 lasted three days and three nights, completing the first feat of solar power generation and "zero emission" flying over the Atlantic.

In 2016, it was a year of changing policies and market turmoil. Whether through government regulation or market mobilization, countries developed their respective energy economies and realized that only by opening channels of dialogue and communicating and learning with each other can we The fastest and safest way to accomplish a common goal. The bells of 2017 are about to ring, let us move towards a peaceful, stable and green New Year.